Tan iyo burburkii dowladdii dhexe ee Soomaaliya, ee sannadkii 1991-kii, waxa dadka Soomaaliyeed la soo daristay tacaddi muggiisu aad u weyn yahay. Waxaa dalkii ka dhacay is-ugaarsi qabyaaladeed, aarsi, kufsi, dhac, boobid hanti qaran iyo mid gaar ahba (public and private property). Gaar ahaan, caasimadda dalka, Muqdisho, waxa ka dhacay amni xumo, nidaamdarro, iyo is-dhexyaac. Jahwareerkaas ayaa illaa hadda ka jira Muqdisho.
Sidaas oo ay tahay, waxa haddana xaqiiqa ah in dhowr qorshe ama mashruuc oo lagu sugayo amniga dalka (siiba Muqdisho) in lacag farabadan lagu bixiyey. Qorshayaashaasi nabadsugidda ah, waxaa horseed ka ahaa Qaramada Midoobay (QM) iyo dalalka daneeya arrimaha Soomaaliya. Illaa maanta waxa weli ay QM hanti ku bixisaa sidii ciidankii hore dib busta looga jafi lahaa.
Qorshahan ciidan suubinta ah waxay QM bilowday 1992, illaa iyo maanta, oo ay 16 sano ka soo wareegtayna, wax miro ahi kama muuqdaan, inkasta oo ay caddahay in QM aanay weli ka quusan sheekadan. Sidaa daraadeed, waxaan maqaalkan kaga hadlayaa oo aan dib u jalleeci doonnaa waqtiga iyo qarashka lagu bixiyey magaca “ciidan-u-dhiska dalka Soomaaliya” oo hadda gaaray heer la yidhaahdo waxaanu dhisaynaa ciidanka badda si ay ula dagaalamaan burcadbadeedda. Ugu dambayn waxa aan maqaalka si gaar ah ugu eegi doonnaa Jenaral Maxamed Nur Galaal iyo kaalinta uu kaga jiro mashaariicdaas ciidan u dhiska
August-December 1992Dekadda Muqdisho agteeda: Somali dhacaysa gargaar raashin ah oo loo waday dadkii tabaaleysnaa, 1990s-kii.
Baydhabo: Oday Soomaaliyeed oo caymin u baahan, laakiin ay dul taagantahay mooryaan; raashinkii gargaarka ahaa ee loo soo wadeyna Muqdisho lagu bililiqeystay.
Xoghayaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, ayaa u soo diray guddi Farsamo (technical team) oo ka kooban 48 khubaro ciidan ah (military observer team). Kuwaas oo la rabay in ay soo indha indheeyaan sidii loo suurtagelin lahaa in si nabad ah loo gaarsiiyo gargaar (raashin iyo dawoba) dadka tirada badan ee ku tabaaleysnaa dalka. Guddiga ayaa eegayey sidii ay suurtagal u noqon lahayd in ciidan 500 oo ah “nabad ilaaliyeyaal” (peackeepers) loo keeni lahaa Muqdisho, saldhigna ka dhigta gegideeda dayuuradaha iyo dekadda weyn ee magaalada. Jeneral Maxamed Faarax Caydiid ayaa caqabad ku noqday oo is hortaagay qorshaha guddigaas. Caydiid waxa uu yidhi: intii 500 oo ciidamo shisheeye ah la keeni lahaa Muqdisho, waa in naloo tababaraa 6,000 oo boolis ah; maxaa yeelay ayuu yidhi Caydiid waxaan u arkaa ciidamada QM ay keeni rabto inuu yahay ciidan xoog ku joogi raba dalkayaga (Occupation force).[1] Ka dib markii wada hadal usbuucyo qaatay dhexmaray labada dhinac, Caydiid waxa uu oggolaaday oo keliya in ciidan dhan 500 oo askari (Pakistani ah) ay yimaaddaan Muqdisho. QM kuma qancin arrintas oo waxay dooneysay in ciidan dhan 4,000 la keeno dalka; hase yeeshee, wey oggolaatay in 500 marka hore la keeno Muqdisho.
Shantan boqol oo loogu tala galay in ay ilaaliyaan oo ay gelbiyaan gargaarka loo wado dadka tabaaleysan ayaa waxay durbadiiba u baahdeen in iyaga la badbaadiyo. Iska daa waxa ay ilaaliyaane, iyaga ayaa qarash kaga bixi jiray in naftooda ka badbaadiyaan mooryaanta Muqdisho xukunta. Raashinkii caawimaadda ahaa ee ka soo degayey dekadda Muqdisho sidii awalba loo bililiqeysan jiray ayaa boobkii loogu sii waday, badankiisuna ma gaari jirin dadkii tabaaleysnaa ee loogu talo galay.
Lama huraan ayay markaas ku noqotay QM in ay go’aansadaan in ay ciidamo xooggan oo ah ciidan dagaal (peace-making and not peacekeeping force) ay keenaan dalka. Waxa ay islamarkaa ka warqabeen in Caydiid uu qorshahan ka biyo diidsan yahay, uuna u arkayey in sida ay xaaladdu tahay (status quo) ay dani ugu jirto beeshiisa iyo mooryaantiisaba. Sidaan la soconno xilligan ayay ahayd waqtigii uu Caydiid dhoodhoobay ururka uu ugu magac daray Somali National Alliance (SNA), kana koobnaa dhowr “waran-is-moodyo” (armed factions) isu tagay. [2] Caydiid waxa uu codsi khaas ah u dirsaday Boutros-Ghali, isaga oo ka codsanaya mar labaad in ciidan ka kooban 6,000 oo boolis ah loo tababaro. Arrintaasi oo uu Caydiid ku sheegay in ay xal u tahay nabad ku soo dabaalidda dalka Soomaaliya.
QM dhag jalaq uma siin codsigaas Caydiid, waxayna jawaabteedii noqotay dagaal-oogihii is hortaaga qorshaha ciidan u soo dirista dalka Soomaaliya in uu mas’uul ka noqon doono kumaankunka ee gaajada iyo xabaddu ku laynayso dalka. Cali Mahdi Maxamed oo isagua qeybta waqooyiga Muqdisho xukumay xilligaas waa uu soo dhaweeyey keenista ciidan shisheeye, waana u riyaaqay qorshaha QM
October 1st 1992, taageero weyn waxaa uu Boutros-Ghali ka helay dalka Maraykanka, ka dib markii Wakiilka Khaaska ah ee Soomaaliya u qaabilsan dalkaasi, Andrew Natsios uu si cad u sheegay in wax gurmad gargaar ah aanu dalkiisa u dirayn Soomaaliya illaa ciidan shisheeye oo nabadda suga la geeyo. Waxaa wargeysada caalamku ay qoreen in Caydiid uu 1991 isku dayey in ciidan boolis ah uu dhiso, oo uu Scoula Polizia tababar uga furay ciidan u badan jiffadiisa [3], taasina ay wax ka qaban kari weyday hammigiisii ahaa in nidaam uu hoggaanka u hayo dhiso. Marka waxa ay wargeysyadaasi xuseen in madax adeygga Caydiid uu burbur u horseedi doono Soomaaliya.
Cusmaan Caato, oo xilligaas ahaa lafdhabarta dhaqaale ee Caydiid, ayaa aakhirkii ka dhaadhiciyey kuna dirqiyey Caydiid inuu oggolaado in ciidan shisheeye la keeno koonfurta dalka. Waxa uu ku qanciyey Caydiid in ciidanka hubka ka ururinaya mooryaantu ay noqon doonaan ciidanka booliska Soomaaliya ee la tababari doono, oo aysan ciidamada shisheeye wax hub-ururin ah ku lug lahaan doonin. Sidaas ayaa ciidankii UNITAF iyo UNOSOM ay koonfurta ku yimaadeen. Higsashada iyo hammigga “waran-is-moodyada” koonfurta ee ahaa in mar uun loo dhiso ciidan boolis ah ayaa sahashay in faragelin shisheeye ay suurtagal noqoto. December 1992, waxaa dalka yimid ciidamo shisheeye oo ay horkacayeen ciidankii Maraykanka ee UNITAF.
1993: Hiyiga Robert Oakley
Wakiilka Khaaska ah ee Mareykanka u qaabilsanaa arrimaha Soomaaliya, Robert Oakley, ayaa bilowgii 1993 bilaabay inuu diyaariyo ciidan boolis ah oo gaaraya illaa 3,000 oo askari. Oakley guriga uu deganaa ayaa ahaa xarunta laga maamulayey ciidankaas; waxaa ku weheliyey Oakley agaasinka ciidamada guddi ka koobnaa beelaha cududda ku leh Muqdisho oo iyana xarun uu u ahaa guriga Oakley. Ciidankan waxaa loo suubiyey 16 saldhig oo ay howshooda ka fuliyaan. Waxaa mushaharkoodu ahaa dable = $2 maalintii, saraakiisha sarena = $5 maalintii. Saraakiisha sarsare ee markan ku daaqeysay magaca Somali Police Force waxaa ka mid ahaa Jeneral Cali Kadiye, oo haystay ciidanka dekadda weyn ee Muqdisho ilaalinayey. Waxaa kaloo Saraakiisha sare ka mid ahaa Jeneral Axmed Jilacow Caddow (oo haysan jiray goobtii loo yaqaannay godka ee ciidankii nabd sugidda) iyo Lieutenant-Colonel Maxamed Amin, oo waqtigii dowladda Siyaad Barre ahaa ku-xigeenka Laanta Dembi Baarista (CID
Ciidankan uu aasaasay Oakley waxaa ku baxay hanti fara badan. Dowladda Japan waxay ugu deeqday ciidanka booliska Muqdisho 20 gaari, ciidanka Mareykanka ee bishii March 1993, sii baxyey waxay siiyeen hub fara badan. Haddana waxay u dhurteen ciidankii sidaa loo daryeelay inay noqdaan ciidan beeleedyo halaag iyo dhac lixaad leh ka sii geystay dalka. Halkaasina uu ku burburay hammigii Robert Oakley ee ciidan dhiska ahaa.
1994: Laablakicii Admiral Jonathan How
Ka dib dagaalkii October 1993, ee dhexmaray Caydiid iyo UNOSOM I, oo fashil ku dhammaaday, ayaa waxaaa Mareykanku uu go’aansaday in ciidankiisa uu kala baxo Soomaaliya ugu dambeyn bisha March 31, 1994. Admiral Howe ee markaa hoggaanka u hayey UNOSOM I ayaa ku riyooday in ciidan nabadda suga oo gaaraya 10,000 inuu sameeyo, kalana kaashado QM iyo dalal kale. Sida hoos ku cad qorshaha Admiral Howe si deeqsinimo leh ayaa durbadiiba looga soo jawaabay. Wakaaladaha wararka laliya waxay qoreen in lacag kor u dhaafeysa $40 million loo qoondeeyey dhisidda ciidan nabadda suga (Somali Police Force). Wakaaladda wararka ee Associated Press waxay qortay bishii March 17, 1994 warkan
The United Nations, with a lot of American help, is spending millions to recruit, train and arm a new national police force for this lawless land.
With no government in sight to direct it and some powerful faction leaders questioning its legitimacy, however, the force's ability to keep the peace is questionable.
Jonathan Howe, the former U.N. special envoy, dreamed of creating a 10,000-man force to be handed over to a new, democratic government early next year, but efforts to create that government have largely stalled.
Meanwhile, lawlessness increases as the United States and other Western nations withdraw their troops from the U.N. peacekeeping mission
So far, 8,000 policemen have been recruited - 3,000 in Mogadishu and 5,000 in the rest of the country. Many served in the national police of Mohammed Siad Barre, the dictator overthrown in January 1991.
The United States has donated $15 million worth of military equipment, including 358 trucks, 5,000 M-16 automatic rifles, 5,000 .45-caliber pistols, 5,000 pairs of handcuffs and 2.3 million rounds of ammunition. It has pledged $22 million more in equipment and cash for training, salaries and establishing civilian courts.
Norway and Britain have contributed $1.3 million in cash and six other countries have pledged a total of $18.6 million.
Bill Kirk, an Australian police superintendent helping to train the Somali officers, acknowledges that clan rivalries have complicated recruitment and undermined public confidence in the force.
The Somalis, Kirk said, "are going to have to work it out."
"We are indeed pleased with the Japanese announcement on Jan. 31 of their contribution of $10 million and hope others will follow their example," said Howe [4Waxaasi oo hanti, askar, iyo qalab ciidanba ah waynu la soconnaa sidii loo isticmaalay sannadkii 1994. Xoolahaasi oo dhan waxaa lagu xoojiyey mooryaantii ka dagaalameysay Muqdisho. Dadaalkii QM wuxuu isugu biyo shubtay cudud beeleed wax lagu maquuniyo.
1995: Laablaabashadii UNOSOM II
Sannadkii 1995 waxa aan gaar ahaan ku xasuusannaa ciidamadii UNOSOM II oo gebi ahaanba isaga huleelay Soomaaliya. Askarigii ugu dambeeyey ee UNOSOM II waxa uu ka baxay Muqdisho bishii March 31, 1995.
Markii UNOSOM II baxaday ayaa waxaa dadaal yar muujiyey odayaal iyo aqoonyahnno ka soo jeeda beesha Hiraab ee Hawiye, si ay uga badbaadiyaan in la bililiqeysto gegida dayuuradaha ee Muqdisho. March 05, 1995, waxa odayaashaasi ay shir ku yeesheen guri ku yaal suuqa xaafadda Madiina, oo uu lahaa Maxamed Garanuug. Odayaasha ka soo qeyb galay shirkaas waxaa ka mid ahaa Cali Ugaas Cabdulle, Sheekh Mudey Gacal, Prof Ciise Maxamed Siyaad, Kornel Cumar Sheekh, Kornel Axmed Diiriye. Waxaa gunaanadkii shirkaas heshiis ah in ciidan boolis ah oo isku dhafani ay ilaaliyaan gegida dayuuradaha. Dhaqangelinta heshiiskaasi ma gaarin xataa usbuuc. Waxaa March 11, 1995, labada dhinac ee Hiraab ay isku hurgufeen wixii ay hub haysteen.Taas oo qasab ka dhigtay in garoonkii Muqdisho uu xirmo gebi ahaanba. Waxa magaalada Muqdisho ay ku soo laabatay sidii ay ahayd 1992. Waxa dagaal-ooge kastaaa uu isku soo ooday xaafad, maamul dhexana wuu ka hirgali waayay Muqdisho
1997-99: Xilligii Sal-balaar Qaahira: Cali Mahdi iyo Caydiid oo dowladda Masar ay dhexdhexaadinayso, December 22, 1997.
Shaashadda siyaasadda ee Soomaaliya, markii Reer Galbeedku ay faraha kaga gubteen xasillinta Muqdisho, waxaa iyana isa soo maqiiqay dalka Masar. Xusni Mubaarak ayaa isku dayey inuu dowlad sida isagu uu jecelyahay u qaabeysan ku soo dhoodhoobo Qaahira, December 22, 1997. Heshiiska Qaahira wuxuu qeexayey in Cali Mahdi iyo Xuseen Caydiid ay kala qeybsadaan labada jago ee ugu sarreysa dalka, isla markaana gudaha dalka ku soo dhisaan dowlad loo dhan yahay. Waxaa shirkaasi ka soo cadhooday oo ka biyo diiday Kornel Cabdullahi Yusuf iyo Jeneral Gabyow. Kuwaas oo ku eedeeyey Qaahira in ay dhan isu janjeerisay. Sidey doontaba ha ahaatee heshiiskii Qaahira ma amba qaadin oo fashil ayuu ku dhammaaday.
Iyadoo Sidaas ay tahay, ayaa haddana dalka Masar oo ay markan ay waheliso dalka Libya ayaa bartamihii 1998 ballan qaaday in ciidamo ka kala socda Cali Mahdi, Xuseen Caydiid, iyo Maxamed Qanyare, oo gaaraya illaa 6,000 ay u tababari doonaan, qalabeyn doonaanna. Waxaa taliyaha ciidamada booliska laga dhigay Cabdi Xasan Cawaale “Qaybiid”. Waxaase mashruucaas ciidan-dhiska si xooggan uga horyimid niman ay ka mid yihiin Cusmaan Xasan Caato, Muuse Suudi Yalaxow, iyo Xuseen Xaaji Bood – iyagoo ciidankoodu ku xereystay xeryo gaar ah. Sidaas ayaa mashruucii Masar iyo Libyana u maray dariiqii kuwii ka horreyey, oo wax nidaam iyo kala dambeyn kama dhalin Xamar, lacagtii iyo qalabkii ay ku yabooheen Caydiid iyo Cali Mahdi na mooryaantii ayaa ku aflaxday.
2000-2003: Bilowgii La Dagaalanka Argagaxisada
Djibouti: Cumar Geelle oo qaabilay Cabdiqaasin, maalintii la doortay maalintii ku xigtay, August 27, 2000
Saan ka wada dharagsan nahay waxaa bartamihii 2000-kii Djibouti martiqaaday jabhadihii, cuqaashii, iyo siyaasiyiin farabadan. Waxay fidisay gogol lagu heshiisiinayo Soomaalida, isla markaana lagu dhisayo dowlad loo dhan yahay. Shirkaasi waxaa diiday inay ka soo qeyb ka soo galaan hoggaamiyayaal miisan ku lahaa Soomaaliya, sida madaxweynihii Puntland ee xilligaas, Cabdullahi Yusuf. Waxyaabaha ay u qaadaceen shirkaasina waxaa ka mid ahaa in shirka uu u janjeedho dhinac, oo go’aanka ka soo baxayaa uu iska cad yahay – taas oo la filayey in Cabdiqaasin ku soo baxo madaxweyne. Marka qolyaha diiddanaa shirkani waxay ku gar lahaayeen mar haddii shirka go’aamadiisa ayba dad sii haystaan, sabab waqti loogu lumiyaa ka qeybgalkiisa inaanay meesha oollin. Waxaa isweydiin mudan sida ay ku ogaadeen in shirkan uu qolyo u sallaxan yahay
Waxaa dhammaadkii sannadkii 1999-kii socdaallo isdaba joog ah ku tagay Hargeysa Cabdiqaasin Salaad iyo Galaal; iyaga oo isaga dab qaadayey Hargeysa iyo Djibouti. Waxaa xiisad aad u giigsan ay dhex taallay Cigaal iyo Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle. Waxaa xirnaa xuduudda Djibouti ay la leedahay “Somaliland”. Cabdiqaasin iyo Galaal waxay ku guuleysteen inay soo afjaraan xiisaddaa taagneyd; waxaana la furay xuduudda labada dhinac. [5] Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle ma maleyn kartid sida uu ugu riyaaqay shaqada wacan ee ay qabteen Cabdiqaasin iyo Galaal; wuxuuna, sida hadda muuqata, abaal-gud uga dhigay sallaxaadii shirkii Carta ee lagu abaalmariyey Cabdiqaasin in uu noqdo Madaxweynaha Soomaaliya.
Durbadiiba waxaa ka bilaabmay Muqdishu mar kale mashruucii dhisidda ciidan qaran. Sida caadadaba u ahayd waxaa isa soo tubay fagaarayaal fara badan sida Scoula Polizia, dad sheeganaya inay yihiin ciidankii qaranka ee dowladdii burburtay, markaa toban sano ka hor. Arrintu iskama dhicine, waxaa ammarro laga soo bixiyey madasha shirku ka socday ee Carta, farayeyna sidaas maadaama dowlad loo soo dhisayo dalka. Ururinta Ciidanka waxaa loo soo xil saaray Jeneral Ismaaciil Naaji.
August 26, 2000, waxaa soo afmeermay shirkii Carta, laguna soo doortay Cabdiqaasin Salaad Xasan inuu noqdo Madaxweyne; muddo ka dibna uu u doortay Cali Khaliif Galaydh inuu u noqdo Ra’iisal Wasaare. Siyaasiyiinta Soomaalida oo ku caan baxay inay marba qolo cusub ay mashruuc ula tagaan, waxa Cabdiqaasin uu ula tagay mashruuc ku saabsan dhisidda ciidan amni dalalka Khaliijka sida Saudi Arabia iyo Yemen. Madaxda dalalkan ayaa iyana sidii Xusni Mubaarak iyo Qadaafi qabsatay, looga soo lufluftay xoogaa kharash ah ciidan abuuris aan jirin.
Cabdiqaasin waxa uu kaga duwanaaday dagaal-oogayaashii waxa ay ahayd isaga oo ciidan u badan beeshiisa, laakiin sheegta inay yihiin ciidamada Maxaakiimta (wadaado) oo gaarayey illaa kun soo abaabushay. Taasi oo micnaheedu yahay ama la odhan karo Cabdiqaasin waa hoggaamiye sheegta madaxweyne kii ugu horreeyey ee si rasmi ah u diimeeyey dagaal-beeleedyadii ka socday Muqdisho. Waxaa durbadiiba soo ifbaxday in xoogagga ay ka mid yihiin Al-Islaax ama al-itixaad inay qeyb ku lahaayeen miraha shirkii Carta, oo ay wateen, sida Ismaaciil Cumar Geelle, in uu Cabdiqaasin ku soo baxo jagada madaxweynenimada.
Waxaa iyana masraxa siyaasadda Muqdisho si mug weyn leh uga soo muuqday Jeneral Maxamed Nur Galaal, oo jiffo hoose ay isla yihiin abdiqaasin. Galaal wuxuu durbadiiba bilaabay (September 2000-kii) olole uu ku abuuray wax uu ugu yeeray Guddiga Qaranka ee Hub ka dhigista (National Disarmament Committee, NDC). Waxaa Galaal jagadan u magaacabay madaxweyne Cabdiqaasin.
Isaga oo howshiisa sii wataa, Galaal wuxuu furay bil ka dib xaruun lagu tababaro ciidanka booliskaa, isaga oo weliba furitaankeedii ku martiqaaday Madaxweyne Cabdiqaasin, Ra’iisal Wasaare Galaydh iyo Guddoomiyaha Baarlamaanka, Cabdallah Isaaq Deerow.
Maadaama uu Galaal isu xilsaaray arrimo la xiriira military-ga, waxaa Cabdiqaasin uu u magacowday Jeneral Mumin Ibraahin inuu noqdo taliyaha ciidanka booliska Soomaaliyeed; Cabdi Xasan Cawaale “Qaybdiid” isna waxaa uu ka dhigtay taliyaha booliska gobolka Banaadir. Muddo ku dhow sannad dowladda Cabdiqaasin wax dhaqaale ah oo laga lisaa ciidan boolis ah ayaa noo xareysan ama tababar u baahan ma jirin – aan ka ahayn $15 million oo uu Sacuudiga ugu deeqay dhammaadkii 2000-kii.
Waxaa iftiin yar usoo bidhaamay maamulkii Cabdiqaasin dhacdadii 911 ka dib (September 11, 2001). Waxaa si xooggan isu badaley siyaasaddii Mareykanka ee ku wajahnayd Soomaaliya. Mareykanku wuxuu durbadiiba bilaabay inuu xiriir la sameeyo Cabdiqaasin iyo kooxdiisa oo markaa la il darraa aqoonsi iyo dhaqaale la’aanba.
Waxaa durbadiiba miiska Cabdiqaasin ku soo batay tababar-siin ama scholarships loo aadayo wadamada Reer Galbeedka, kuna saabsan tababarro la xiriira “la-dagaalanka argagaxisada” (anti-terrorism trainings). Waxaa dalka Talyaanigu uu ugu deeqay saraakiisha sare ee booliska Soomaaliyeed tababar gaaban oo la xiriira la dagaalanka argagaxisada
Safiirka Mareykanka ee Soomaaliya, Glen Warren, oo fadhigiisu ahaa Nairobi, ayaa December 20, 2001, booqosho ku yimid Muqdisho, lana shiray Cabdiqaasin. Maxaa kale oo ay ka wada hadli karaan aan ka ahayn welwelka Mareykanka oo markaa ahaa arrimaha argagaxisada
Damiir-xumada dowladdii Cabdiqaasin waxay gaarsiisay inay xitaa taliyihii booliska Banaadir, Qaybdiid, uu soo xidh xidho, maalintii xigtay booqashada safiirka, 4 nin oo dhalasho ahaan ka soo jeeday Kurdiyiinta reer Ciraaq iyo hal Falistiini ah, isagoo ku eedeeyey inay yihiin argagixiso. Qaybdiid waxa uu yidhi: waxaa dhici kartaa shantan ajaaniibta ahi inay xiriir la leeyihiin Osama Bin Ladin; sidaa darteed ayaa ciidankeenna “la dagaalanka argagixisadu” ay u soo qabteen.
Iyaga oo is leh ku macaasha magaca la dagaalanka argagixisada, ayaa Qaybdiid iyo kooxdiisu soo qabqabteen afar kale oo Ciraaqiyiin ah iyo laba u dhashay Ereteriya. Nasiibdarrose, Mareykanku sheekadaasi ma gadan, oo nimankaasi lama wareegin. Qasab ayeey ku noqotay markaa in Qaybdiid iyo kooxdiisu in ay iska sii daayaan 11 kaa qof ee ajaaniibta ahaa; waxyna sii daayeen February 02, 2002. Halkaasi ayayna ku dhammaatay rajadii dowladdii Cabdiqaasin, oo markan uu u soo iftiimay ifafaalaha burburkii dowladdiisa ku soo fool lahaa. Mashruucaas ay bilaabeen Cabdiqaasin, Galaal, iyo Qaybdiid ee ahaa la dagaalanka argagaxisada waxaa si mug weyn leh ugu maacaashay dowladdii ka dambeysay ee Kornel Cabdullahi Yusuf iyo Dr. Geeddi ay horseedka u ahaayeen.
2004-2008: IGAD oo ku soo korodhay masraxa ciidan-u-abuuridda Soomaaliya
Madaxweyne Cabdullahi iyo RW Geedi oo booqasho ku tagay xerada Manaas ee lagu tababro ciidanka dowladda, July 25, 2006.
Octobar 10, 2004: Mirihii ka soo baxay shirkii dib-u-heshiisiinta ee dalka Kenya ka socday in ku dhow labo sano ayaa wuxuu noqday in Kornayl Cabdullahi Yusuf Axmed loo doorto madaxweynaha dalka Soomaaliya. Isla markiiba waxa uu Cabdullahi Yusuf busta ka jajafay mashruucyadii Cabdiqaasin iyo Galaal ku taamayeen laakiin ay ku guuldareysteen inay ku macaashaan. Mashruucyadaasi oo ahaa kii la dagaalanka argagaxisada iyo kii Hub-ka-dhigista
Galaal oo durbadiiba dareemay in Cabdullahi Yusuf uu soo wado qorshe ciidan urursi, wuxuu October 15, 2004 abaabushay militia isaga taabacsan oo uu ku sheegay inay yihiin saraakiishii hore ciidamada qalabka sida. Galaal iyo ciidankiisu waxay dhoollatus ku soo bandhigeen xaruunta Scoula Polizia ee Muqdisho. Galaal wuxuu goobtaasi ka yidhi: “Haddii aanu nahay saraakiishii hore ee xoogga iyo booliska dalka, waxaannu ognahay in Cabdullahi Yusuf uu yahay hoggaamiye mug leh waana la shaqeynaynaa”. [6]
October 25, 2004: Cabdullahi Yusuf waxa uu isa sii taagay xarunta Ururka Afrika (African Union, AU) ee Addis Ababa, isagoo codsaday in ciidan dhan 20,000 la geeyo Soomaaliya, si ay hub-ka-dhigis ugu sameeyaan dagaal-oogayaasha iyo kuwa diidan nabadda
October 26, 2004: Sidoo kale, madaxweynaha la taliyihiisa xagga siyaasadda, Yusuf Cumar Azhari, ayaa isna kaga dhawaaqay Yemen in Muqdisho ay hoy u tahay kooxo xagjir ah oo xiriir la leh Al Qaacida. Maalintii xigtayna, Cabdullahi Yusuf ayaa u sheegay wargeyska Al-Khalij ee ka soo baxa Imaaraadka Carabta in argagaxiso ay joogto dalka uuna la dagaalami doono. Bilowgii bishii November, waxaa Ururka Afrika (AU) uu qaatay qaraar ah in ciidamo nabadda suga loo diro Soomaaliya. Dalal ay ka mid yihiin Uganda, Itoobiya, Kenya, iyo Sudan ayaa soo dhaweeyey go’aankaasi. Xaqiiqda sida aynu hadda u ognahay, dhawaaqa ka soo yeerayey dalalkan IGAD ka wada tirsan waxa ay ahayd mid siyaasadeed oo ahaa “qawda maqashiiya waxna ha u qabanina Cabdullahi Yusuf iyo dowladdiisa”. Haddana sidaas oo ay tahay waxay cabsi weyn ku beertay qolyo joogay Muqdisho oo uu ka mid ahaa Cabdiqaasin Salaad Xasan iyo Galaal.
Bilihii February iyo March ee 2005-kii, waxa hal mar ku soo batay warbaahinta baaqyo ay sii daayeen Galaal, Cabdiqaasin, Wasiirka Amniga, Maxamed Faarax Qanyare, iyo Yusuf Maxamed Siyaad “Indha Cadde”. Sidii caadada u ahaydba, Galaal wuxuu bilaabay dhoolla tuskii uu in muddo ahba ku caano maali jiray. Wuxuuna soo safay fagaaraha Scoula Polizia ciidamo beeleedyo boqolaal ah, oo uu sheegay inay yihiin tiro 6,000 ku dhawaad ah, isagana ka amar qaata. Wuxuu fagaarahaasi ka sheegay in aan loo baahnayn ciidan shisheeye in la keeno dalka, oo ciidankaasi haddii ay helaan tababar iyo taageero (technical support) ay sugi karaan nabadda dalka. Fikir iyana xoojinaya hadalka Galaal, ayaa Cabdiqaasin ka soo yeeray. “Dalalka safka hore (Ethiopia, Kenya, Djibouti) ma qumana inay yimaadaan dalka, maxaa yeelay dagaal uun bey abuuri doontaa tallaabadaasi” ayuu yiri Cabdiqaasin.
Yusuf Indha Cadde wuxuu ka shanqariyey in haddii ciidamo Itoobiyaan ah dalka la keeno in uu la shaqeyn doono Osama Bin Ladin. Wasiir Qanyare, isaga oo jooga Muqdisho, wuxuu cambaareyn dusha uga tuuray Cabdullahi Yusuf. Qanyare wuxuu yidhi Madaxweynuhu wuxuu dhinac maray xeerka dalka (Constitution), xaqna uma laha inuu iskiis u dalbado ciidamo shisheeye. Wuxuu kaloo Qanyare ka biyodiiday in dowladdu ay degto Jowhar, iyada oo uu yidhi Muqdisho way xasilloon tahay. Qanyare oo awooddiisa wasiirnimo muujinaya, wuxuu u magacaabay Cabdi Xasan Cawaale Qaybdiid inuu noqdo Taliyaha Ciidanka Booliska Soomaaliyeed.
Dhacdooyinka kale ee ugu waaweynaa sanndkii 2005 waxa ay ahayd iyada oo ay dowladdu u kala jabtay laba garab oo is diiddan. Waxaa sannadkaa bilowgiisa tagey Muqdisho Ra’iisal Baarlamaankii xilligaas, Shariif Xasan, isaga oo ka soo duulay Nairobi oo ay dowladdu markaa dulsaar ku ahayd. U kala dabqaadidda Cabdullahi Yusuf iyo Shariif Xasan ayaa sannakaasi ku lumay. Heshiisinta labada garab oo markii dambe madaxweynaha Yemen, Cali Cabdallah Saalax, uu dhammeeyay aakhirkii 2005 ayaa fududeysay in dowladdu fadhiisin ka dhigato magaalada Baydhabo, oo ay uga soo guurto Jowhar arrimo amnidarro la xiriira, asbaabna u ahayd qolyihii dagaal-oogayaasha oo Balacd soo gaadhay, iyagoo ku goodinaya in ay Jowhar soo weerari doonaan. Tan kale, maadaama ay dowladdu qeybsaneyd, IGAD ama AU midna wax tallaabo ciidan soo diris ah ma qaadin – aan ka ahayn saraakiil gaadhaysa 67 qof oo tababar bilooyin ah ku soo qaatay Uganda.
Boolis cusub oo saf ugu jira xuskii ka qalinjabintooda Akadeemiyada lagu tababaro Boliiska ee Carmo oo 100 km koonfur kaga aadan Bosaaso, Puntland. April 21, 2006.
Bilowgii 2006, Cabdullahi Yusuf wuxuu la yimid dardar cusub. Xukuumaddiisii wuxuu saldhig uga dhigay Baydhabo. Ciidamo xoogga dalka ah (military force) oo lagu soo tababbaray xerada Manaas (Bay region) iyo Godey (Ethiopia) ayuu diyaarsaday. Waxa kale oo uu Madaxweynuhu ka furay xero lagu tababaro Ciidamada Booliska Soomaaliyeed (Somali Police Acedemy), degmada Carmo ee ku taal Puntland. Waxaa isla sannadkii 2006 ka soo qalin jabiyey dugsigaasi ciidan gaaraya 167 sarkaal oo boolis ah (police officers), oo ay 19 ka mid ahi ay ahaayeen saraakiil dumar ah. Sidoo kale, RW Geedi waxa uu ka sheegay xuskii maalinta Xoogga Dalka Soomaaliyeed, April 12, 2006, in dowladdiisu ay tababareyso 6,000 oo ciidan military ah, si looga maarmo in ciidan dibadda laga keeno. Geedii wuxuu booqasho ku tagay xerada weyn ee Manaas ee ciidanka xilligaas lagu tababarayay (17Km u jirta Baydhabo, dhinaca waqooyi bari).
Waxaa barbar socday qorshahan dhisidda ciidamada xoogga dalka, mid kale oo ahaa dhisidda ciidamada booliska iyo kuwa nabadsugidda (security service). May 2006, Kenya waxaa loo qaaday 200 oo loo soo diyaarinayay inay noqdaan saraakiil (police officers). June 2006, madaxweynuhu wuxuu u magacaabay Kornayl Maxamed Warsame "Darwiish" inuu noqdo Taliyaha ciidanka nabadsugidda, isagoo weliba loo dallacsiiyey Jenaral
Waxa aan la soconnaa, bartamihii 2006, Muqdisho in laga xaalufiyey dagaal-oogayaashii (haddana ahaa wasiirro dowladeed oo gadooday), ayna ka mid ahaayeen Qanyare, Suudi Yalaxow, Bashiir Raage, iyo Xaaraan ku Naax. Waxaa qaaday daadkii qolyihii isu tagay ee la magac baxay Maxaakiimta. Muqdisho waxay gashay marxalad kale, walow ay kala mid ahaayeen qolyihii ay meesha ka raacdeeyeen diidmada Maamulka Cabdullahi Yusuf, iyagoo ku saleynaya diidmadaas Kutubka Qur’aanka. Ugu dambeytii waxay noqotay khilaafka labada dhinac inay arrimaha Soomaaliya ay soo fara geliyaan Itoobiya iyo IGAD. Waxaa meesha ka caddaatay in dowlad kasta oo Soomaaliya loo dhiso aysan hureyn in ciidamo shisheeya loo keeno. Soomaali kasta oo la soo tababaro wuxuu u dhurtaa inuu u adeego beeshiisa, oo aan illaa hadda aan lahayn ciidan ku dagaalama Soomaalinimo. Askari walbaa waxaa amri karaa oo keliya qof ay isku hayb yihiin.
Teeda kale, sidii ay masraxa ciidan-u-dhiska Soomaaliya ugu soo biirtay Itoobiya, waxaa dhagaheennii ku batay saddexdii sano ee la soo dhaafay, ciidan gaaraya kumannaan ayaa Goday (Ethiopia) tababar u aaday. Marka ay soo laabtaanna waxay gacan bir ah ku qaban doonaan ammaanka magaalada Muqdisho.
Waxaa ina wareeriyey xitaa marka ay ciidamada Itoobiya soo galeen Muqdisho, dacaayadda ahayd in muddo gaaban ka dib ciidamo tababar ku soo dhammeystay Godey ay Muqdisho ku soo fool leeyihiin. Sidey noo sheegeen, ciidankaasi inay guri guri hubka uga baari doonaan xaafadaha oo dhan, qof kastana ay siin doonaan ID (Identification Card); halkaasina ay ku soo afjari doonaan ama ku tirtiri doonaan qolyaha “xagjirka” ah ee dalka qasaya
Sida aan wararka ku hayno, waxaa dowladdii Madaxweyne Cabdullahi Yusuf loo soo tababaray ciidan gaaraya 10,000, haddaaney ka badnayn. Qarashka ciidanka waxaa si wadajir ah u bixiyey Addunweynaha (sida EU, AU, IGAD, USA iyo Arab League). Waxaa hubaal ah in malaayin fara badan lagu bixiyey ciidan dhisidda, iyadoo haddana aan loo jeedin wax ka soo naaso cad. Waxa uu Madaxweyne Cabdullahi Yusuf afkiisa ka qirtay, dhammadkii December ee sannadkii tagey, in dowladda ay xukunto oo keliya Baydhabo, Muqdishana ay ka xukunto halka jid ee isku xira Villa Somalia iyo gegida diyaaradaha. Jidkaasoo ah Makka al-Mukarrama.
Meeday dadaalkii iyo hantidii ku baxday ciidan-dhisiddii? Maxaan cashar looga qaadan muddadan dheer qaladaadka soo noqnoqonaya? Mise qorshahan waa naaso aanan caano gurin, oo dad badan oo jooga meelo sarsare ayaa lagu cayilsiiyaa? Sidey doontaba ha ahaatee, waxay u muuqataa inaan weli laga daalin mashruuca ciidan dhisidda; maxaa yeelay waxaaba hadda bilowday mashruuc ka sii quwad, hammi, iyo hantiba badan kuwii hore. Bal aanu wax yar ka eegno, mashruucan furfurmay sannadkan, iyo jilayaasha cusub ee wax ku raadsanaya. Maxaa cusub sannadkan?
2009: Dr Ibbi iyo ciidankiisa “Kung Fu Navy”
Muqdisho: Ciidan tababar ku qaadanaya xeebta Liido. Cutubkan waxay ka mid yihiin shanta boqol ee u xareysan inay noqdaan Ciidanka Badda, lana dagaalami doona burcadbadeedda, June 10, 2009
Madaxweyne shariif iyo xertiisu waxay is leeyihiin bal noqoda uun koox ka ah “more creative” kuwii hore. Magac kasta horaa loo soo isticmaalay ayeey is yidhaahdeen, Ha noqoto: hub ka dhigis, la dagaalan argagaxiso, nabad sugid iwm. Xerta Sheekh Shariif waxay hadda doonayaan inay burcadbadeedda Eyl ama Hobyo jooga ay la dagaalamaan, iyaga oo og in aanay weli awoodin inay dekadda iyo gegida dayuuradaha Muqdisho maamulaan ama ilaaliyaan. Mashruucan ay wadaan xerta Shariif waxa uu u muuqdaa taladii ahayd “waan socon weynaye ee aan orodno
Kaaga sii darane, waxaa qorshahan dhisidda ciidanka badda horboodaya Wasiirka Kalluumeysiga iyo Khayraadka Badda, Prof. Cabdiraxmaan Aden Ibbi. Wasiirku waxa uu na barayaa in haddii shanta boqol ee hadda ku boodboodda xeebta Liido (dekeddii hore) oo ay Adduunweynuhu ay taageero qalab iyo mushahar ah u qoondeeyaan in ay wax badan ka qaban doonaan burcadbadeedda. Shantan boqol oo madax looga dhigay Kornayl Faarax Qare, waxaa laga soo xulay badankooda deegaankii la isku odhan jiray Banaadir (Muqdisho iyo labada Shabeelle). Lase arki doonee waxa ka soo baxa mashruucan ku soo kordhay Muqdisho, walow ay ka careysiin karto qolyihii Tarabuunka iyo Scoula Polizia soo safi jiray ciidamada, sida Jeneral Galaal.
U Kuur Gelid:
Galaal: Carrab Lo’aad Caws Looma Tilmaamo
Former Somali army soldiers take part in a parade in the capital Mogadishu September 6, 2006, where they asked Muslim nations to help them fight against Ethiopia. Galaal said: We urge the government of Husni Mubarak and the people of Egypt to support the Somali national defence forces. The forces are here, they need support [word indistinct] resources and equipment. I'm sending a gesture, plea, message to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We also appeal to the emirs of Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar. We also appeal to the president of the United Arab Emirates and the emirs of all the emirates. We are telling them people have ganged against the Somali people, help us to defend our country.
Xuddunta maqaalkan oo ahaa in aan dib u jalleecno cad-quureedkan ay mar walba QM ama Adduunweynahaba aan idhaahee u soo laalaadiyaan siyaasiyiinta Soomaalida, kuwooda caloosha ka dherga uun, balse aan marna ka dhergin caqliga. Gaar ahaan cad-quureedkan baas oo mar walba ku shaabadeysan “Ciidan-dhis”. Siddeed iyo tobankii sano ee ugu dambeeyey, Jeneral Maxamed Nur Galaal ayaa ka mid ahaa saraakiisha sarsare ee dalka joogay waqtigooda badankiisa. Soomaalidu waxay hore ugu maahmaahday: Meydka waa la aasaa, warse waa aasmi kari waayaa. Sidaa darteed, waxaan iyada oo kooban isku dayi doonaa inaan yara falanqeyo hadallada ka soo yeeray Jeneral Maxamed Nur Galaal tan iyo intii ka dambaysay burburkii ee 1991.
Jeneral Galaal oo imminka 71 jir ah, waxaa la odhan karaa waa saraakiisha dalka ugu caansan, meelo badan oo dalka ahna ka soo shaqeeyey. Wuxuu sannadkii 1969 ka soo qalin jabiyey Jaamacadda ciidamada ee wadankii la odhan jiray Soviet-ka (USSR). Waa Jeneral magac dheer ku leh Geeska Afrika. Wuxuu ka qeyb galay dagaalkii 1977-78 ee dhexmaray Soomaliya iyo Itoobiya. Qofkii booqdaa matxafka (museum) magaalada Addis Ababa, waxa uu ku arkayaa sawirka Galaal oo ka sarreeya sawirrada Marshal Badoglio iyo Marshal Graziani, oo ay saddexdaba hoos kaga qorantahay: “The men that invaded Ethiopia”. Labada Marshal waa Askartii Fashiistaha Talyaaniga ee Itoobiya qabsaday sannadihii 1936-1941.
Haddana waxqabadka Galaal waa nin lagu murmo (controversial). Dad badan oo ciidamada kala soo shaqeeyey waxay ku tilmaameen inuu ahaa nin kartidiisa shaqo, akhlaaq, aqoon, iyo wadaniyad ay aad u hooseyso. Waxaa lagu fasiraa nin qalafsan oo qalalaase miiran ah.
Galaal waxa uu ka mid ahaa guddigii sare ee jabhaddii USC (garabka Cali Mahdi) ee dagaalka kula jiray dowladda. Wuxuu sheegtaa in kacdoonka uu isagu abaabulay inuu ahaa kii Siyaad Barre Muqdisho ka saaray. Isaga oo ku andacoonaya sidaas wuxuu marar badan iyo meelo badan ka sheegay in Jeneral Caydiid iyo kooxdiisu ay soo gaadheen Muqdisho mar Siyaad Barre laga saaray Muqdisho. Taasoo uu si dadban ula jeedo abaabulkii hoose ee uu isaga iyo kooxdiisu (Cali Mahdi group) ka wadeen Muqdisho inuu ahaa kan dowladdi riday. Saas oo ay tahay haddana, Galaal wuxuu muddo ka dib la shaqeeeyey Caydiid oo uu u noqday taliyihii National Salvation Army. Markii ay UNOSOM (Dec 1992- March 1995) timid dalka, Galaal waa uu ka soo goostay Caydiid
Galaal wuxuu noqday, muddadii UNOSOM, ragga ugu codka dheer ee Caydiid eedeeya. Wuxuu bishii November 1993 suubsaday urur uu kaga soo horjeesto kooxda Caydiid, oo la yidhaahdo Guddiga Nabadda (Peace Committee) oo ka kooban 15 qof oo beeshiisa Habar Gidir wada ah. Isaga oo warbaahinta ku wargelinaya ururkiisa cusub waxaa ka soo yeedhay ereyadan:
Galal Claiming support of at least 75% of the clan, he says Habr Gedir leaders elected the peace committee on Nov. 16 in a move to end hostilities with the US, UN and other clans
Speaking in the courtyard of his south Mogadishu villa, flanked by 5 teenage bodyguards with Kalashnikovs, Galal thanks the US and UN forces "who saved the Somali people from starvation, disease and genocide". Galal, a small -built silver-haired 55-year-old, says: "I don't believe Aideed will again be able to gain the support of all the Habr Gedir sub-clans. People are impressed when they see a few thousand people at an Aideed demonstration, but there are hundreds of thousands of Habr Gedir in Mogadishu who stay in their houses... They are the silent majority". Separately, twelve clan-based factions opposed to Aideed have united in a single organisation, the Somali Salvation Alliance, representing a majority of the 15 factions that signed UN -sponsored peace accords last March. [7]
Waa hubaal in Galaal waxa uu ururkan u abuuray inay ahayd inuu arkay in ay jirto fursad habboon. Isaga oo garab ka raadinaya UNOSOM wuxuu talo ku soo jeediyey in siyaasadda cakiran ee Soomaliya lagu xallin kari in la qaato nidaamka ah in la doorto Madaxweyne lix bilood oo wareeg ah (six months rotating presidency among all factions). Waxa kale oo uu u sheegay wargeyska codka dheer ee Washington Post sidatan:
"The population in general wants peace - Aideed knows it," Galal said. He said that during the fighting against the United Nations, almost all able-bodied Habr Gedir fought for Aideed. With the battle over, "now I think 50 percent have switched to my side," Galal said. [8]
Marka uu Galaal sidaas isu xayeeysiinayo, wariyaha warka uu siinayey waxa uu hoosta ka xariiqay in Caydiid taageerayaashiisu ay soo kordhayeen, ayna ula muuqatay erayada Galaal mid ka bad-badis ah. Muddo yar ka dib, markuu ogaaday in QM ay lacag fara badan u qoondeeysay in ciidan boolis ah tababarto, Galaal wuxuu bilaabay in UNOSOM uu ku eedeeyo inaysan rabin in Soomaaliya ay u suubiyaan ciidanka Xoogga (military army), oo ay rabaan oo keliya inay boolis tababaraan. Galaal oo takhasuskiisu aanu ahayn booliska, waxaad mooddaa inuu durba hinaase bilaabay oo uu afka furtay. Wuxuu mar kale u sheegay Washington Post in booliska UNOSOM ay abaabushay ay tabar daran yihiin, hanan karinna howsha nabad sugidda dalka. Wuxuuna yidhi:
"They can't even defend their own guns," said former army general Mohamed Nur Galal, who is pressing the United Nations to help build up a new Somali army instead of concentrating on the police. [9]
Waan la wada soconnaa hadalkii ka soo yeedhay Galaal bishii hore horraanteedii, markii uu dhaliilay shir ay QM soo abaabushay oo lagu qabtay Washington. Shirkaasi oo ay iskugu yimaadeen saraakiishii hore ee dalka, uuna ka mid yahay Madaxweyne-ku-xigeen Maxamed Cali Samatar, ahaana muddo dheer Wasiirka Gaashaandhigga. Galaal wuxuu ku eedeyey shirka inay isugu yimaadeen dad dalka muddo ka soo maqnaa oo aan aqoon waxa dalku uu ku sugan yahay hadda. Isaga oo ka duulaya fikirka ah “miro kaa fog baa kharaar lagu tilmaamaa”, Galaal wuxuu caado ka dhigtay mashruucii aan farahiisa dufan u yeeleyn inuu dhaliilo. Waa la xasuustaa markii 1994 uu QM eed dusha kaga tuuray oo yidhi sidan: "They did not use our advice. Instead they brought advisers from South America, Asia, West Africa...who knew nothing of Somalia," [10].
Waqtigii shirka Carta (sannadkii 2000-kii) ayaa waxaa Galaal u baxday fursad kale oo wax ku ool ah. Cabdiqaasin wuxuu ka dhigtay Galaal gacantiisa midigta ah, una dhiibay madaxa ciidamada, hub-ururinta iyo tababarrada. Durbadiiba waxaa Galaal gacantiisa soo gashay lacag fara badan. Wuxuu ciidan ka wada dhigtay ciidankii maxkamadaha ee Muqdisho joogay. Wuxuu askarigiiba ku qaatay mushahar dhan $45 bishii. Sida uu u kala furfuray maxkamadaha isagoo ka hadlaya wuxuu yidhi:
For example, when the previous government of Djibouti was formed, I remember perfectly that, together with another general, we went to Mogadishu in order to see how these Islamic courts functioned. I could count on a bit of financial availability, thanks to the 15 million dollars aid that Saudi Arabia had donated. I remember that I offered the money to the militia men of the courts, a wage with the commitment that they would have had to follow me in the ranks of the new government. All of them followed me, every one of them. [11]
Galaal wuxuu sheegan jiray in 4,000 oo ciidan ahi ay ugu xareysan yihiin saddex xero oo ku yaal Muqdisho iyo nawaaxigeeda, haddana markii ay wariyeyaal booqdeen meeshaasi waxay xaqiijiyeen inay ku arkeen wax aan boqol ka badneyn, oo weliba xiran macawisyo iyo dacas. [12] Waxaa intaasi ka daran Galaal wuxuu u aaday Ukraine inuu u soo iibiyo dowladda hubka culus sida tanks. Waxaasi oo qarash ah meel ay martay lama hayo, taangiyo warkiisa daa.
Waqtigii Maamulka Cabdiqaasin, Galaal howshiisa kuma ekayn oo keliya meheraddiisii Askarnimo. Wuxuu faraha la galay waaxo kale si uu uga helo gacan qabsi fiican. Wuxuu mar wareysiyo siiyey wargeysyada ka hadla arrimaha shiidaalka iyo Kheyraadka dhulka hoostiisa. Mid ka mid ah isaga oo la hadlaya wuxuu yidhi:
"Somalia is rich in oil and natural gas and we learned during constitutional discussions in neighbouring Djibouti last month that two Abu Dhabi-based companies are interested in drilling in Somaliland," said Mogadishu's new security chief Mohammed Nur Galal.
Galal admitts the country faces a real challenge in bringing home qualified oil industry expertise to supervise the revival but points to front-running candidate Dr Abdulahi Haile, an ex-UN geologist currently living in the rival Somaliland capital of Hargeisa
The southern maritime portion (M-5) remains clearly up for grabs and Galal says one company is presently negotiating to drill offshore Mogadishu, possibly this year. In a parallel development, the European Union has promised to help rehabilitate the infrastructure across Somalia where conditions for stability exist. [13]
Waxaan ku soo Gunaanadayaa maqaaalka, Galaal dagaalkii sokeeyo wuxuu ka bartay xirfad, iyo dhadhan cusub. Wuxuu xariif ku noqday meesha iyo sida loo daaqsin tago. Ma is tiri Carrab Lo’aad caws looma tilmaamo!
Xigasho
[1] Eeg The Guardian, August 7, 1992. “UN team arrives to force open aid corridors.” By Mark
[2] Somali National Alliance (SNA) waxaa qiyaastii la aasaasay August 1992 (waloow ay hadda dad badani ay aaminsan yihiin in la aasaasay June 1992). Caydiid ujeedadiisa ugu weyn ee uu u aasaasay ururkan waxay ahayd in uu kaga hortago QM oo waqtigaa damacsanaa in ay faragelin ku suubiso Soomaaliya, oo markaa xaaladeedii ay faraha ka baxday. SNA waxa ay ka koobneyd USC-garabka Caydiid; Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM), oo M. Cumar Jees uu hoggaaminayey; Somali Southern National Movement (SSNM) oo Cabdi Warsame Isaaq horseed u ahaa; iyo Somali Democratic Movement (SDM) oo Max’ed Nur Caliyow uu madax u ahaa.
[3] Eeg The Economist, October 3, 1992, “Impasse in Mogadishu”.
[4] Eeg The Associated Press, March 17, 1994, "United Nations Forming New Somali Police Force".
[5] Eeg BBC Monitoring Service Africa, December 31, 1999, “Somaliland, Djibouti reportedly agree to reopen border.
[6] Eeg East African Standard, October 14, 2004, “Soldiers, policemen in Somalia welcome new president”: “We, as former military and police officers, know Yusuf is a strong leader and we are ready to work with him.”
[7] APS Diplomatic Recorder Arab Press Service Organization, November 27, 1993, “Aideed Clan Split”.
[8] The Washington Post, March 13, 1994, “Aideed Seen Regaining Role …”
[9] The Washinton Post, March 14, 1994, “With Economy Still Devastated, Somalia Could See New Chaos….” [10] Reuters, February 21, 1995, “Foreign troops abandon Somalia”, by Aidan Hartley.
[11] Eeg: http://padis2.uniroma1.it:81/ojs/index.php/JMEG/article/viewFile/230/215
[12] Andrew England of the Associated Press (October 14, 2000) writes: In one of the camps, about 100 men in civilian clothes and sandals march around a sandy parade ground. The national flag flew from a rustic pole and 27 trucks, specially fitted with anti-tank and anti-aircraft guns, encircled the camp.
[13] Upstream, October 06, 2000, “Somalis set out to seek oil suitors
C.S. Ismaaciil Roobdoon Forum
Toronto, Canada
